Angelite: Physical & Optical Characteristics
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Angelite Physical and Optical Characteristics
Angelite: Sky-Blue Anhydrite, Satin Light, Perfect Cleavage, and Gentle-Care Gemology
Angelite is the serene powder-blue trade name for compact blue anhydrite, CaSO4. Its beauty is quiet and cloudlike: soft satin polish, pale sky colour, fine-grained texture, and translucent edges. Its gemological story is equally important: Mohs 3–3.5, three perfect cleavages, a biaxial positive optical character, and a real tendency to hydrate toward gypsum if treated like a water stone.
Overview
What Angelite Is — and Why It Needs Gentle Handling
Angelite is a trade name for blue anhydrite, a calcium sulfate mineral with the formula CaSO4. The name suits the look: pale blue, blue-grey, powdery sky, sometimes slightly lilac or cloudy white. Most gem-market angelite is compact and fine-grained rather than transparent crystal material.
Its calm appearance can be misleading. Angelite is not a tough everyday gemstone. It is soft, cleavage-prone, and moisture-sensitive compared with quartz, beryl, feldspar, or jade. The same traits that give it a soft satin glow also make it best for careful use: pendants, beads, earrings, display pieces, gentle palm stones, and protected jewellery rather than exposed daily-wear rings.
Blue Anhydrite
Angelite is compact anhydrite, CaSO4, usually fine-grained and massive in the gem trade.
Three Cleavages
Perfect cleavage in three directions means sharp impacts, prying, and thin edges can produce chips or step-like breaks.
Moisture Sensitive
Anhydrite can hydrate toward gypsum. Prolonged water exposure may whiten, soften, or dull the surface.
Soft Optical Glow
Expect satin to pearly lustre, pale translucency at thin edges, and a soothing matte-to-waxy surface rather than glassy brilliance.
Plain-language summary
Angelite is “sky in stone,” but it prefers spa-day treatment: soft cloth, low-impact wear, protective settings, and no long baths. It is a beautiful gem material when sold and cared for honestly.
Quick Reference
Gemological Properties at a Glance
| Property | Typical Value or Range | Practical Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Trade Name / Species | Angelite / anhydrite | Use “angelite” as a trade name and “anhydrite” as the mineral species. |
| Chemistry | CaSO4 | Calcium sulfate without structural water; can hydrate toward gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O. |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic | Gem material is usually massive and fine-grained; distinct crystals are uncommon in jewellery stock. |
| Hardness | Mohs ~3–3.5 | Scratches and abrades easily; avoid rough rings, bracelets, and pocket mixing with harder stones. |
| Specific Gravity | ~2.95–3.00 | Feels a little hefty for a soft, pale stone; useful against lower-density look-alikes. |
| Refractive Index | nα ≈ 1.571–1.579; nβ ≈ 1.575–1.584; nγ ≈ 1.613–1.620 | Spot readings on massive pieces often fall around 1.57–1.59. |
| Birefringence | Up to ~0.040 | Transparent fragments show stronger birefringence than the soft surface look suggests. |
| Optic Character | Biaxial positive | Aggregate pieces may show mixed or aggregate reactions under a polariscope. |
| Luster | Satin, pearly on cleavage, dull to waxy on massive surfaces | Expect a soft glow rather than a high-glass polish. |
| Transparency | Opaque to translucent | Thin edges may glow; most body colour is cloudy and soft. |
| Cleavage | Perfect {010}, {100}, {001} | Three cleavages at near-right angles create step-like chips and edge vulnerability. |
| UV Response | Often inert to weak chalky blue-white | Strong or patchy fluorescence may point to dye, wax, adhesive, or a look-alike. |
| Streak and Acid | White streak; no effervescence in dilute HCl | Useful separation from carbonate look-alikes such as calcite and aragonite. |
Angelite is blue anhydrite: soft, satin, high-cleavage, moisture-sensitive, and best suited to low-impact wear or display.
Mineral Identity
Angelite, Anhydrite, Gypsum, and the Name Problem
“Angelite” is not a separate mineral species. It is a commercial name for compact blue anhydrite. That distinction matters because customers may confuse it with celestite, blue calcite, blue aragonite, blue chalcedony, or dyed materials. An accurate listing can be poetic and precise: Angelite, the powder-blue trade variety of anhydrite.
Anhydrite literally means “without water,” while gypsum is the hydrated calcium sulfate mineral. Angelite should not be treated as if it enjoys soaking, saltwater, or direct-contact elixirs. Prolonged water exposure can promote surface alteration, whitening, softening, or dullness.
Anhydrite
CaSO4, orthorhombic calcium sulfate. Angelite is the blue compact trade form most often used in beads, carvings, palm stones, and cabochons.
Gypsum
CaSO4·2H2O, hydrated calcium sulfate. Angelite can hydrate toward gypsum at the surface when exposed to prolonged moisture.
Celestite
SrSO4, strontium sulfate. It may share pale blue colour, but it is a different mineral with different density, habit, and market identity.
| Name | Correct Use | Avoid Saying |
|---|---|---|
| Angelite | Trade name for compact blue anhydrite. | Do not present as a separate mineral species. |
| Anhydrite | Scientific mineral name, CaSO4. | Do not imply it is always blue; anhydrite occurs in other colours and habits. |
| Blue Anhydrite | Best technical description for angelite. | Do not confuse with blue calcite, celestite, or dyed chalcedony. |
| Gypsum | Related hydrated calcium sulfate mineral. | Do not label angelite as gypsum unless analysis or alteration supports it. |
Microstructure and Texture
Why Angelite Looks Cloudy, Satin, and Soft
Most angelite is compact and fine-grained. It is rarely sold as transparent crystals. Instead, it appears as massive blue to blue-grey material with cloudy zones, pale laminae, subtle speckling, cleavage flashes, and a satin polish. That fine texture scatters light, producing the familiar “soft sky” appearance.
Fine Grain Size
Minute interlocking anhydrite grains scatter light and create the gentle matte-to-waxy appearance that makes angelite recognizable.
Cleavage Steps
Three perfect cleavages can appear as tiny step-like planes, pale lines, or pearly flashes along chips and edges.
Clouds and Laminae
Blue, grey, white, and slightly lilac zones may appear as clouding, bands, or patches. Evenness is desirable for jewellery stock.
Surface Hydration
Water exposure can create whitish, softer, duller surface zones as anhydrite hydrates or abrades.
Waxes and Finishes
Some beads or carvings may be waxed or sealed to improve polish and colour depth. This should be disclosed when known.
Drill-Hole Clues
Beads may show pale powdery drill interiors, dye concentration, wax residue, or rough edges. Inspect holes carefully when checking treatments.
Texture reading
Angelite’s best material looks like calm sky: even blue, fine texture, few chalky patches, no obvious dye concentration, and clean edges that do not crumble.
Physical Properties
In-Hand Experience: Soft, Hefty, Cleavable, and Delicate
Angelite’s physical properties explain its best uses. It has the calm look of a wearable stone, but its softness and cleavage make it a careful-use material. The best jewellery designs protect edges, avoid high-contact zones, and do not expose the stone to repeated water, cleaning machines, or impact.
Hardness
At Mohs ~3–3.5, angelite can be scratched by many common household and jewellery materials. Store separately from quartz, steel tools, corundum, and mixed gem jars.
Toughness
Softness plus cleavage means low toughness. Sharp impacts may chip corners, flatten polish, or open step-like cleavage planes.
Heft
With SG around 2.95–3.00, angelite feels denser than its pale, soft appearance may suggest. Heft helps distinguish it from lower-density opal or plastic imitations.
Cleavage
Perfect cleavage in three directions is the major handling issue. Avoid prong pressure, thin exposed edges, ultrasonic vibration, and drops onto hard surfaces.
Surface Feel
Polished angelite often feels smooth, satiny, and almost chalk-soft. A high glassy polish is less typical than a refined satin sheen.
Water Response
Prolonged water exposure can dull or whiten the surface. Quick, careful wiping is different from soaking, but dry methods are preferred.
Angelite is best for pendants, earrings, beads, cabochons in bezels, spiritual objects, and display pieces. Rings and bracelets should be protective, occasional-wear designs.
Optical Behaviour
Soft Surface Glow, Stronger Optical Data
Angelite’s optical behaviour is subtle to the eye but useful at the bench. Massive pieces usually appear opaque to translucent with a satin or pearly look. Thin edges can glow softly blue-white. On instruments, anhydrite’s refractive indices and birefringence help separate it from opal, chalcedony, calcite, aragonite, celestite, and dyed materials.
| Feature | Angelite Response | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Body Appearance | Opaque to translucent, powder-blue to grey-blue. | Fine-grained scattering creates the soft sky look. |
| Luster | Satin, pearly on cleavage, dull to waxy on massive surfaces. | A glassy polish is not the normal target; soft sheen is more natural. |
| Refractive Index | Spot RI commonly around 1.57–1.59; full values may extend to nγ ≈ 1.613–1.620. | RI separates angelite from opal, chalcedony, many plastics, and some dyed substitutes. |
| Birefringence | Up to ~0.040. | Transparent fragments may show stronger optical separation than expected from the soft hand appearance. |
| Optic Character | Biaxial positive. | Useful for trained gemological testing on suitable fragments or thin pieces. |
| Polariscope | Aggregate material may show aggregate reaction or mixed responses. | Massive texture can complicate single-crystal style readings. |
| UV | Often inert to weak chalky blue-white. | Strong patchy fluorescence may indicate wax, dye, glue, or another material. |
Soft Edge Glow
Thin edges, chips, and bead margins can transmit a delicate blue-white light, especially under diffuse daylight or a cool LED source.
Pearly Cleavage
Fresh cleavage faces may show a pearly sheen that contrasts with the more waxy polish on massive surfaces.
Cloudy Translucency
Internal texture is usually cloudlike rather than crystalline-clear. Even, soft translucency is more desirable than chalky dead patches.
Colour Causes and Patterns
Why Angelite Looks Like Powder Blue Sky
Angelite’s colour is usually soft rather than saturated: powder-blue, pale blue, blue-grey, blue-white, or slightly lilac. The visual effect comes from the material’s fine-grained structure, light scattering, and subtle trace impurities or inclusions. In trade evaluation, the exact chromophore is less important than whether the colour is natural-looking, even, stable, and free of obvious dye concentration.
Powder Blue
The most desirable classic look: even, calm, soft blue with minimal grey or chalk-white blotching.
Blue-Grey
Common and natural-looking. Can be attractive when even, but overly dark grey tones reduce the “angelite” visual appeal.
Lilac-Blue
Some material reads slightly lavender, especially under warm light or in cloudy mixed zones.
White Patches
White or chalky areas may be natural texture, abrasion, surface hydration, or exposed cleavage. Excess patchiness lowers jewellery grade.
Intense Blue
Very bright, uniform neon-blue material deserves scrutiny. Check drill holes, surface residue, and hidden spots for dye or coating.
Waxy Depth
Light wax or finishing agents can deepen colour and reduce chalky appearance. Disclose finishes when known.
Grade angelite for even sky colour first, then surface integrity, then shape and polish. A calm, consistent blue usually sells better than a brighter but suspiciously dyed-looking stone.
Bench Tests
Simple Ways to Check Angelite Without Damaging It
Angelite should be tested gently. Avoid destructive scratch testing on finished goods unless the piece is expendable. Combine visual inspection, density impression, refractive index, acid caution, UV, and drill-hole inspection for a safer identification workflow.
Start with Visual and Touch
Look for powder-blue to grey-blue colour, fine-grained massive texture, satin polish, soft edges, and occasional pearly cleavage flashes.
Inspect Drill Holes and Backs
Check beads and carvings for dye concentration, wax residue, chalky interiors, rough powder, white hydration, or glue lines.
Check Heft and SG When Possible
Angelite’s SG around 2.95–3.00 feels denser than opal or plastic and can help separate it from lower-density blue materials.
Use RI on a Polished Area
Spot readings around 1.57–1.59 support anhydrite. Lower RI may suggest opal or chalcedony; higher carbonate readings suggest aragonite or calcite.
Use Acid Only with Care
Anhydrite does not effervesce like carbonates. Do not acid-test finished jewellery visibly; use a tiny hidden spot only when appropriate.
Use UV and Solvent Clues
Weak or inert UV is common. Bright patchy fluorescence, blue residue on a swab, or colour concentrated in pits may indicate dye, wax, adhesive, or coating.
| Test | Expected Angelite Result | Warning Sign |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Inspection | Soft blue, cloudy, satin, fine-grained. | Neon uniform colour, surface-only blue, or colour pooling in holes. |
| Hardness Impression | Soft; easily abraded compared with quartz. | Material that resists steel or scratches glass may not be angelite. |
| SG | ~2.95–3.00. | Much lower SG suggests opal, chalcedony, plastic, or composite. |
| RI | Spot ~1.57–1.59. | RI ~1.44–1.46 suggests opal; RI ~1.68–1.69 suggests aragonite. |
| Acid | No carbonate fizz. | Fizzing suggests calcite, aragonite, or carbonate-dyed material. |
| UV | Inert to weak chalky blue-white. | Bright, patchy, or coloured response may flag treatment or another material. |
Look-Alikes
Blue Stones Commonly Confused with Angelite
Angelite lives in a crowded blue-stone category. Many pale blue stones are sold as calming or spiritual materials, and visual similarity alone is not enough. The most efficient separation method combines heft, cleavage, acid reaction, RI, hardness, and surface texture.
| Material | Why It Resembles Angelite | Fast Separation Clues |
|---|---|---|
| Celestite | Pale blue sulfate with a serene look. | SrSO4; significantly heavier, often crystalline, brittle, and commonly sold as geodes or clusters. |
| Blue Calcite | Soft blue, cloudy, calming appearance. | Fizzes in acid; rhombohedral cleavage; RI and optical behaviour differ. |
| Blue Aragonite | Pale to bright blue calcium carbonate with soft texture. | Fizzes in acid; higher RI around 1.68–1.69; often fibrous, botryoidal, or needle-like. |
| Peruvian Blue Opal | Soft blue to blue-green, cloudy, gentle surface. | Lower SG around ~2.1, RI ~1.44–1.46, no cleavage, conchoidal fracture. |
| Blue Chalcedony | Waxy pale blue silica material. | Much harder at Mohs ~6.5–7, tougher, no cleavage, RI around ~1.53. |
| Sodalite | Blue ornamental stone, sometimes pale or veined. | Usually deeper azure with white veining; Mohs ~5.5–6; may show orange UV response; no angelite-style perfect cleavages. |
| Dyed Howlite or Magnesite | Porous white stones dyed blue for beads. | Colour concentrates in cracks and holes; acetone or hidden swab may show dye; pattern often veined or spotty. |
| Plastic or Resin | Soft blue, lightweight, easily polished. | Lower density, warmer feel, mould lines or bubbles, no mineral cleavage, different hot-point response if tested professionally. |
Angelite should combine soft blue colour, SG near 3, no carbonate fizz, spot RI near 1.57–1.59, and cleavage-sensitive behaviour. A stone that misses several of these is worth rechecking.
Cutting and Setting
Make the Blue Behave Without Punishing the Stone
Angelite can be attractive in beads, carvings, and cabochons, but cutting requires restraint. The goal is a soft satin finish, stable edges, and a shape that does not put cleavage planes under stress. Long water exposure is not ideal, even though cooling is needed for drilling and lapidary work.
Cabochons
Use modest domes and rounded outlines. Avoid sharp corners, knife-edge girdles, and thin exposed margins where cleavage can start.
Beads
Drill slowly with abundant cooling but minimal soak time. Dry promptly and inspect holes for powdering, dye, or surface whitening.
Carvings
Keep designs simple and rounded. Fine points, thin wings, and undercut details are vulnerable to chipping and abrasion.
Settings
Protective bezels, low-profile frames, and smooth-backed settings are better than exposed prongs or tension settings.
Polish
Angelite prefers a refined satin finish. Excessive pressure can open cleavage steps or create chalky patches.
Orientation
Orient visible laminae or clouds for the most even blue face. Keep cleavage-prone edges out of high-contact areas when possible.
Lapidary rule
Think gentle and short-duration: light pressure, rounded edges, quick cooling, prompt drying, and no prolonged soaking. The finished surface should look like satin sky, not wet glass.
Care and Durability
How to Keep Angelite Blue, Smooth, and Stable
Angelite care is simple: keep it dry, separate, and protected from harder materials. Avoid all care routines built for quartz or diamond jewellery. Angelite is a soft sulfate, and its best long-term appearance depends on gentle handling.
Recommended
- Wipe with a soft dry or barely damp cloth.
- Dry immediately if exposed to brief moisture.
- Store in a separate pouch or lined box.
- Use pendants, earrings, beads, palm stones, and protected cabochons.
- Remove before showering, swimming, cleaning, exercise, or sleep.
- Use LED, soft daylight, or diffuse light for display.
Avoid
- Soaking, saltwater cleansing, water bowls, or direct-contact elixirs.
- Ultrasonic cleaners, steamers, boiling water, or hot lamps.
- Acids, vinegar, harsh cleaners, perfumes, or chemical dips.
- Rough ring wear, bracelet stacking, or pocket carry with keys.
- Scrubbing with stiff brushes or abrasive cloths.
- Dropping onto tile, stone counters, or metal trays.
| Use Type | Suitability | Care Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pendant | Good | Low impact; avoid long skin-oil and water exposure; wipe after wear. |
| Earrings | Good | Usually safe with gentle wear; avoid hairspray and perfume contact. |
| Beads | Moderate | String gently; avoid tight knots that stress drill holes; keep dry. |
| Ring | Low | Only in protective bezel and occasional wear; remove before handwashing. |
| Bracelet | Low to moderate | High abrasion zone; use with care and expect gradual surface wear. |
| Palm Stone | Good if handled dry | Do not carry with harder stones or metal objects; avoid repeated wet handling. |
Angelite likes soft cloths, soft light, soft pouches, and soft treatment. It does not like long baths.
Photo and Display
How to Show Angelite Honestly Online
Angelite is easy to over-blue in photography. Strong saturation boosts can make natural material look dyed and may lead to customer disappointment. The best product photos show the soft, powdery colour honestly and include surface details, drill holes, scale, and any white or grey zones.
Use Diffuse Light
Cloudy daylight, a softbox, or bounced LED light gives angelite its best sky-blue appearance without harsh glare.
Include a Scale Shot
Show beads, palm stones, and cabs next to a ruler, hand, coin, or standard display card.
Show Drill Holes
For beads, include a macro image of holes to document colour consistency, wax, dye, or chalking.
Show White Zones
Do not hide natural clouding, hydration patches, or pale bands. These affect grade and customer expectation.
Avoid Over-Saturation
Keep blues realistic. Very intense edited colour can make normal angelite appear treated or misrepresented.
Use Gentle Backgrounds
White, pale grey, soft blue, and warm neutral backgrounds help the stone read cleanly without colour cast.
Provide one beauty shot, one neutral daylight shot, one close-up of surface texture, and one scale or drill-hole shot for beads.
Disclosure Notes
Professional, Trust-Building Language for Angelite
Angelite sells best when the description is beautiful but practical. Customers appreciate the calming colour, but they also need to know it is a soft, moisture-sensitive material. Good labeling reduces returns and improves trust.
Recommended Language
- Angelite, the trade name for compact blue anhydrite.
- Soft powder-blue calcium sulfate, CaSO4.
- Best for pendants, earrings, beads, carvings, and low-impact use.
- Keep dry; avoid soaking, saltwater, steam, and ultrasonics.
- Natural colour may include blue-grey, white, or cloudy zones.
- Any wax, sealant, dye, or coating should be disclosed when known.
Language to Avoid
- Calling angelite waterproof or safe for water cleansing.
- Calling it celestite, blue calcite, or gypsum without evidence.
- Promising it will not scratch or chip.
- Advertising as ideal for daily rings or rough bracelets.
- Claiming intense neon-blue material is natural without checking treatment.
- Recommending direct-contact elixirs or soaking rituals.
| Use Case | Strong Wording | Why It Works |
|---|---|---|
| Short Product Line | Angelite, compact blue anhydrite with a soft satin polish. | Beautiful, accurate, and concise. |
| Care Note | Keep dry and store separately; avoid soaking, steam, ultrasonics, and hard impacts. | Gives practical protection without scaring buyers. |
| Jewellery Note | Best for pendants, earrings, beads, and protected settings rather than exposed daily rings. | Sets correct wear expectations. |
| Treatment Note | Natural angelite is usually soft powder-blue to grey-blue; unusually vivid blue material may be dyed or enhanced. | Helps buyers understand colour variation and disclosure. |
| Educational Note | Anhydrite can hydrate toward gypsum with prolonged moisture exposure, so dry care is best. | Explains the “why” behind the care advice. |
Reference Card
Compact Angelite Physical and Optical Card
Angelite: Physical and Optical Characteristics
Identity: Angelite is the trade name for compact blue anhydrite, CaSO4, a calcium sulfate mineral.
Appearance: Usually powder-blue, blue-grey, blue-white, or slightly lilac, with satin to pearly lustre and opaque-to-translucent body.
Hardness: Mohs ~3–3.5. Angelite scratches easily and should be protected from abrasion.
Specific gravity: Around 2.95–3.00, giving it a denser feel than many soft blue look-alikes.
Optics: Orthorhombic, biaxial positive, RI roughly nα 1.571–1.579, nβ 1.575–1.584, nγ 1.613–1.620; spot RI on massive pieces often around 1.57–1.59.
Cleavage: Perfect cleavage in three directions, making edges and corners vulnerable to chipping or step-like breaks.
Look-alikes: Celestite, blue calcite, blue aragonite, Peruvian blue opal, blue chalcedony, sodalite, dyed howlite, and resin imitations.
Care: Keep dry. Avoid soaking, saltwater, steam, ultrasonics, acids, harsh cleaners, rough rings, and hard impacts. Wipe gently and store separately.
Best use: Pendants, earrings, beads, palm stones, carvings, display pieces, and protected cabochon settings.
Questions
Angelite Physical and Optical FAQ
What is angelite?
Angelite is the trade name for compact blue anhydrite, CaSO4. It is a calcium sulfate mineral usually seen as fine-grained blue to blue-grey masses, beads, carvings, and cabochons.
Is angelite the same as celestite?
No. Angelite is blue anhydrite, CaSO4. Celestite is strontium sulfate, SrSO4. They can both be pale blue, but they differ in chemistry, density, habit, and typical market form.
Is angelite the same as gypsum?
No. Anhydrite is CaSO4, while gypsum is hydrated calcium sulfate, CaSO4·2H2O. Angelite can hydrate toward gypsum at the surface with prolonged moisture exposure.
Can angelite go in water?
Do not soak angelite. Brief contact with moisture is not the same as a long bath, but prolonged water exposure can dull, whiten, or soften the surface. Dry care is best.
Can angelite be used for crystal water or elixirs?
No direct-contact elixirs are recommended. If water is part of a ritual display, keep the angelite outside the water or use an indirect method with a sealed barrier.
How hard is angelite?
Angelite is soft, around Mohs 3–3.5. It can be scratched by harder stones and common materials, so store it separately and avoid rough wear.
Is angelite suitable for rings?
Only for protected, occasional-wear rings. Pendants, earrings, beads, palm stones, and protected cabochons are better choices because rings receive more impact and water exposure.
Why does angelite turn white or patchy?
White patches may come from surface hydration, abrasion, exposed cleavage, chalky zones, or uneven finishing. Keep the stone dry and avoid rough cleaning.
How can I tell angelite from blue calcite or aragonite?
Calcite and aragonite are carbonates and will fizz in acid; angelite is a sulfate and does not. Angelite also has SG near 3 and a typical spot RI around 1.57–1.59.
Is bright neon-blue angelite natural?
Be cautious. Natural angelite is usually powder-blue to grey-blue. Very intense uniform blue may be dyed, wax-tinted, coated, or misidentified.
What is the best way to clean angelite?
Use a soft dry cloth. If needed, use a barely damp cloth and dry immediately. Avoid soaking, steam, ultrasonics, saltwater, acids, and abrasive brushes.
What should a professional angelite label include?
A strong label should include “Angelite, blue anhydrite,” the care note “keep dry,” and any known disclosure for wax, dye, coating, backing, repair, or stabilization.
Final Perspective
Soft Sky, Strong Cleavage, Honest Care
Angelite is beautiful because it is gentle: pale blue anhydrite with satin light, cloudy translucency, and a calm hand feel. The same mineral character that creates that softness also requires care. Its Mohs 3–3.5 hardness, three perfect cleavages, and moisture sensitivity make it a low-impact, dry-care material rather than a rough daily-wear gem. Grade it for even sky colour, clean surfaces, sound edges, and honest identity. Sell it as angelite, explain that it is blue anhydrite, and keep the care guidance simple: soft cloth, separate storage, protected settings, and no long baths.